New Detailed Phase 3 Data Show Amgen's Novel Investigational Cholesterol-Lowering Medication Evolocumab Significantly Reduced LDL Cholesterol In Patients With A Rare And Serious Genetic Disorder That Causes High Cholesterol
06.01.2014
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Evolocumab is an investigational fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a protein that reduces the liver's ability to remove LDL-C from the blood.2
"The data from the clinical studies evaluating evolocumab in patients with homozygous and severe familial hypercholesterolemia add to the growing body of clinical evidence supporting the effectiveness of our investigational cholesterol-lowering medication in multiple patient populations," said
In the Phase 3 TESLA study in 49 HoFH patients, the most common adverse events (AEs), (more than one subject), in the evolocumab group were upper respiratory tract infection (three patients on evolocumab; one patient on placebo), influenza (three patients on evolocumab; 0 patients on placebo), gastroenteritis (two patients on evolocumab; 0 patients on placebo) and nasopharyngitis (two patients on evolocumab; 0 patients on placebo).
"These results are especially exciting as it's the first time we've seen Phase 3 data for a PCSK9 inhibitor in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. These patients are the most difficult to treat as many of them have fewer functioning LDL receptors than patients studied in previously reported Phase 3 trials with evolocumab," said lead investigator
In addition to data from the TESLA study, a preliminary analysis of the ongoing Phase 2/3 TAUSSIG study in five patients with severe FH due to PCSK9 gain-of-function mutations (including two receiving lipid apheresis therapy at baseline) was presented. A total of 12 AEs were reported in four patients on evolocumab. None of the AEs were serious and none resulted in permanent discontinuation of evolocumab. Additionally, the study showed that evolocumab 420 mg subcutaneous every two weeks or monthly for at least 12 weeks reduced mean LDL-C by 67 percent from baseline in five patients. Patients on apheresis were treated with evolocumab 420 mg every two weeks; all others were treated with evolocumab 420 mg monthly and could be increased to 420 mg every two weeks based on their clinical response.
"The interim 12-week results from the TAUSSIG study showed that evolocumab reduced cholesterol levels in patients with severe familial hypercholesterolemia who have markedly elevated LDL cholesterol levels due to a mutation in the PCSK9 gene, including those who also have LDL receptor mutations," said lead investigator
Elevated LDL-C is recognized as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease.3,4 FH is an inherited condition caused by a gene mutation which leads to high levels of LDL-C at an early age. Patients can have either one of two types of FH, heterozygous or homozygous.1 Homozygous FH is the rare, more severe form of FH, occurring in approximately one in a million individuals.5 It can cause a four-fold increase in LDL-C levels (e.g., 400-1,000 mg/dL).1,6 Heterozygous FH (HeFH) is the more common type of FH and occurs in approximately one in 200 to 500 people.1,7,8 In general, individuals with HeFH have LDL-C levels twice as high as normal (e.g.,190-350 mg/dL).1,6
TESLA Study Design
TESLA (Trial Evaluating PCSK9 Antibody in Subjects with LDL Receptor Abnormalities) is a two-part Phase 2/3 trial designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of evolocumab.
The Phase 3 12-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter part of the TESLA trial (TESLA Part B) evaluated evolocumab compared to placebo in 49 adults and adolescents aged 12 years and over with HoFH (LDL-C >130 mg/dL) who were on a stable dose of statin therapy and other lipid-lowering medications. Patients were randomized to evolocumab 420 mg subcutaneous monthly or placebo subcutaneous monthly. The primary endpoint was the percent reduction from baseline in LDL-C at week 12. Secondary endpoints included mean percent change from baseline in LDL-C, apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) at weeks 6 and 12, and percent change from baseline in ApoB and Lp(a) at week 12.
The Phase 2 12-week, open-label, single-arm, multicenter part of the TESLA trial (TESLA Part A) evaluated eight patients with HoFH who were on stable drug therapy for four weeks or more. Patients received evolocumab 420 mg subcutaneous once monthly for a minimum of 12 weeks, followed by every two weeks for another 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the percent reduction from baseline in LDL-C at week 12. Positive results from the Phase 2 TESLA trial were presented at the 81st
TAUSSIG Study Design
TAUSSIG (Trial Assessing Long Term USe of PCSK9 Inhibition in Subjects wIth Genetic LDL Disorders) is a Phase 2/3 trial designed to evaluate the long-term safety, tolerability and efficacy of evolocumab with an estimated enrollment of 310 patients with severe FH.
In the ongoing, multicenter, open-label, long-term, active treatment-only study, patients with severe FH are randomized to subcutaneous evolocumab 420 mg every two weeks or monthly and assessed for up to five years. The primary endpoint of the study is subject incidence of treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Secondary endpoints include the following, measured from baseline at each scheduled visit: percent change in LDL-C, percent change in non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), percent change in apolipoprotein B (ApoB), percent change in total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C ratio, percent change in ApoB/apolipoprotein A1 ratio, percent change in lipoprotein(a) and response rate of subjects with 15 percent or greater reduction in LDL-C.
Adolescent and adult patients were eligible for the study if they participated in a qualifying evolocumab parent study or have a diagnosis of FH. For subjects without diagnosed coronary heart disease (CHD)/CHD risk equivalent, LDL-C was >130 mg/dL (3.4 mmol/L) while for subjects with diagnosed CHD or CHD risk equivalent, LDL-C was >100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L). Subjects on apheresis did not have a LDL-C entry requirement. Patients on apheresis were initiated with treatment with evolocumab 420 mg every two weeks; all others were initiated with evolocumab 420 mg monthly and could be increased to 420 mg every two weeks based on their clinical response.
About Evolocumab
Evolocumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9).2 PCSK9 is a protein that targets LDL receptors for degradation and thereby reduces the liver's ability to remove LDL-C, or "bad" cholesterol, from the blood.10 Evolocumab, being developed by
About
The Phase 3 program includes 14 trials to evaluate evolocumab administered every two weeks and monthly in multiple patient populations, including in combination with statins in patients with hyperlipidemia (LAPLACE-2 and YUKAWA-2); in patients with hyperlipidemia who cannot tolerate statins (GAUSS-2 and GAUSS-3); as a stand-alone treatment in patients with hyperlipidemia (MENDEL-2); in patients whose elevated cholesterol is caused by genetic disorders called heterozygous (RUTHERFORD-2 and TAUSSIG) and homozygous (TESLA and TAUSSIG) familial hypercholesterolemia; as well as the administration of evolocumab (THOMAS-1 and THOMAS-2).
Five studies in the evolocumab Phase 3 program will provide long-term safety and efficacy data. These include FOURIER (Further Cardiovascular OUtcomes Research with PCSK9 Inhibition in Subjects with Elevated Risk), which will assess whether treatment with evolocumab in combination with statin therapy compared to placebo and statin therapy reduces recurrent cardiovascular events in approximately 22,500 patients with cardiovascular disease; DESCARTES (Durable Effect of PCSK9 Antibody CompARed wiTh PlacEbo Study) in patients with hyperlipidemia at risk for cardiovascular disease; OSLER-2 (Open Label Study of Long TERm Evaluation Against LDL-C Trial-2) in patients with high cholesterol who completed any of the Phase 3 studies; GLAGOV (GLobal Assessment of Plaque ReGression with a PCSK9 AntibOdy as Measured by IntraVascular Ultrasound), which will determine the effect of evolocumab on coronary atherosclerosis in approximately 950 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization; and TAUSSIG (Trial Assessing Long Term USe of PCSK9 Inhibition in Subjects wIth Genetic LDL Disorders), which will assess the long-term safety and efficacy of evolocumab on LDL-C in patients with severe familial hypercholesterolemia.
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References
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2. Amgen Data on File, Investigator Brochure.
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5. Durrington P. Dyslipidaemia. The Lancet. 2003;362:717–311.
6. Third Report of the
7. Nordestgaard BG., et al. Familial hypercholesterolaemia is underdiagnosed and undertreated in the general population: guidance for clinicians to prevent coronary heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2013;34:3478-3490.
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9. Stein EA., et al. Effect of the PCSK9 Antibody, AMG 145, in Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Circ. 2013;128(19):2113-2120.
10. Abifadel M., et al.
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